Boiler.



G. E. BURNAP.

BOILER. APPLICATION FILED JULY 20, 1904. RENEWED APR. 24, 1914.

1,1 19,063. Patented Dec. 1,1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

7 13 72 ass es 2 eiz Zar:

G. B. BURNAP.

BOILER.

APPLICATION IILEDJULYZO, 190 4. RENEWED APR. 24 1914. 1, 1 1 9,063.

Patented Dec. 1, 1914.

H illlliill 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

c. .E. BURNAP.

- BOILER. APPLICATION FILED JULY 1, 1 1 9,063.

20, 1904. RENEWED APR. 24, 1914.

Patented Dec. 1, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4 7 is a. sid'elevation ofone of the same;

UNITED PA ENT onrrcn.

CHARLES E. BUBNAI, 0] 011101, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOB TO CYRUS IBU'BNAP, OF

NABBIITH, PEHNSYLVANIA.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES E. Brnmar, a citizen of the United States,residlng at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers, of WhlCll thefollowing is a specification.

My invention is concerned with a novel boiler designed primarily for usein solar motors, but which, of course, may be used elsewhere.

In applying my invention, I utilize the principle of the ordinary steamengine, but Instead of using water, I preferably employ someotherliquid, such as anhydrous ammonia, Whose boiling point is very muchbelow that of water, and for the boiler I employ a structure having avery small capacity compared with its area whlch 18 exposed to thesource of heat, 'by w h1ch the temperature of the inclosed hquid 1sralsed to the vaporizing point against the pressure to which it issubjected in the boiler, which of course must have the necessarystrength to withstand this pressure.

To illustrate my invention, I annex hereto four sheets of drawings, inwhich the same reference characters are usedv to designate identicalparts in all the figures, of which, 1

Figure '1 is a side eleva ion of my ap paratus as utilized for pumpingpurposes,

and employing a closed or submerged condenser; Fig. 2 is a view ofthe'boiler looking at it at right angles to the surface which is exposedto the sun;'Fig. 3 1s a cross section through a portion of the boiler onthe line AA of Fig. 6; Fig. 4 is a view of the portion of the boilershown in the upper left-hand corner of Fig. 2,- but on an enlarged scaleand witha portion of it in section to show some io'f'the interiorconstruction; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the same on the line B-B ofFig. 4; Fig. 6 is an end elevation of one of the header sections;

Fig. Fig. 8 is asectional view similar toF ig. 3, but showing amodification of the boiler construction; 'Fig. 9 is a sectional view 01'the same on the line 0-0 of Fig. 8; Figs. 10 and 11 are sectional viewsof'the corrugated plates for making the boiler tubes, as they are showninFigs. 3 and 8, but illustrat Ipeoifloatlon of Letters Patent.Application filed m 20, 1904, mm in. 217,310. Renewed. April 24,

.set at whatever angle 'ing pipe 39 which Patented Dec. 1, 1914. 1914.Serial No. 834,218.

ng modifications; Fig. 12 is a cross section llustratlng still anothermethod of formmgthe boiler tubes; and Fig. 13 is a cross sectionillustrating still another method of forming the same.

Referring now to Fig. 1, 30 represents the boiler, WhlCh for the present1 will simply descr1be as of a generally rectangular shape and havingIts upper surface adapted to be is most suitable to recelve the rays ofheat most nearly at right angles. The upper end of the boiler isconnected by the elbow. 31 with the pipe 32, in whlch is preferablyplaced the stop cock 33 for clos1n the upper end of the boiler whendesired. eyond the cook 33 the pipe 32 enters the separator 34, whichmay be of any desired construction, and like the separators for steam,is ada ted to catch any of the liquefied vapor an prevent it passing tothe engine. The separator 34 is connected at its lower end by the pi e35 with the reservoir 36, which is pre erably an elongated cylinderextending just beneath the upper end of the boiler, and serving keep t eliquid in the system at a' level WlllCll shall be near the top of theboiler. Extending'down from the bottom of the reservoir 36 is a pipe 37,which is connected by the T-shaped union 38 with the returnleads to thebottom of the boiler, 1t being connected to the headers at the lower endthereof by the elbow 40. The union 38 has a three-way cook 41 therein,and is also adapted to have the supply cylinder 42 (shown in dottedlines,) screwed into the end when it is desired to add an extra supplyto the system as the anhydrous ammonia, or other liquid employed, be-

comes lowered by the unavoidable waste.

In ordinary use, set so that only communication,

39 will be 1n communication with the cylinder 42. The vaporized fluidpasses over the separator 34, down the pipe 44, whose valve 45 will beopened, and into the engine valve chest 46, which is of the customaryconstruction.

boiler 30 in a The piston rod (not shown) extended to the ri ht, andwhere the apparatus is to be used or pumping water, as shown in thepresent illustration, carries at its righthand end the piston (notshown) ofthe pump 53, which may be of any customary construction, anddraws the water from the supply pipe 54 through the pump, and out nectedby the pipe 61 with the circulating pump 62, which has its cylinderpreferably formed as an extension of the adjacent head of the enginecylinder, and whose piston is formed on the left-hand end of the pistonrod, which is extended to the left for that purpose. The piston in thepump barrel 62 operates to draw densed ammonia from the worm, and to"force it down into the pipe 72, which is connected by the T-shapedunion 73 with the return pipe 39 of the system.

From a consideration of the structure previously described, it will beapparent that the liquid anhydrous ammonia is held in the liquid formunder the .considerable pressure which is needed to keep it liquefied atthe condenser temperature. As the liquid rises in the boiler, it isvaporized by the additional heat received, and passes into the engine,where it gives up some of its energyin operating the engine, and itpasses from the exhaust into the condenser, where it is liquefied, andfrom whence it is pumped back into the boiler,

against the pressure thereof, this being easily accomplished on accountof the small area of the piston of the bottom 62 relative to the pistonof the engine 46.

As will be seen from Figs. 2 to 7, the boiler 30 is constructed of aplurality of longitudinal sections, so that a boiler of any desired areamay be obtained by bringing together the required number of sections.Each section has at its lower end a header 7 4 and at its upper end asimilar header 75, the two sets of headers being identical in designexcept that the upper ones are of somewhat greater diameter in order tofurnish the necessary space for the vaporized liquid. In Figs. 3 to 7are illustrated the details of the upper headers, and it will be seenthat each one consists of the elongated tubular bodyportion 76 havingthe downwardlyeprojecting flange 77 terminating in the shoulder 78,which the trough 79, which is preferably of wood, and of a shallowconstruction, as shown.

, have in a fresh supply of the con-' furnishes a seat for the bottom ofThe tubular bodies 76 of the headers terminate in the ears 80 and 81,yvhich have suitable apermres through which pass bolts to fasten theadjacent sections secnrel together. The headers at the left-hen endtheir enlarged ends the annular channel S2, and at their other ends havecorresponding annular projections to-the annular projection 83 shown inFig. 4, on the cap 84 closing the outer end of the sections. T e generaloutline of the interior of the header bodies is circular, as shown inFigs. 5 and 6, but this cylindrical interior is se arated' into twoparts throughout ractica y the entire length by means 0 the web 85, thelarger channel 86 serving to hold the bulk of the liquid and permittingit to pass freely to each of the sections, while the smaller upperchannel 87' communicates directly with the ends of the boiler tubes, andthe casting constituting the header has this channel 87 openingthroughout practically its entire length by means of the a. rture 88,into the plain face 89 constitutmg that side of the header. The aperture88 is slightly ,wider than the bottom portion of the channel 87, whichhas a wider central portion 90, which in connecof tarred paper, and onthis are placed the boiler tubes, the object of the use of theheat-retaining material of course being to prevent any unnecessaryconduction of heat from the apparatus. The boiler tubes are especiallydesigned to have a small liquid capacity, together with a large areasubj ect to the heat, and to be suificiently strong to resist thepressure, and at, the same time of a structure that can be manufacturedcheaply. A preferred method of constructing these is toemploy two layers95 and 96 of thin sheet-metal, which are first corrugated, thecorrugations of the layer 95 not being quite so deep as those of thelayer 96, then nested together, and finally compressed in aplane so asto bring the corrugations closer together and to bend them into thedouble-loop shape clearly shown in cross section in Fig. 3. When theyare bent in this shape and sufiiciently compressed, the larger andsmaller loops are filled by a cement or other packing 97, which can beapplied in a liquid form when cement is used, and which when solidifiedserves to hold the boiler tubes thus formed rigidly in their pc--1,ue,oea a sition and so securely that the cannot be mittingthe'boiler' tubes from s litting the displaced or blownout. At t e endsthe headers. In'this construction, I preferably plates are foldedtogether, as shown at 98, make the trough 110 of sheet-metal, insteadand the making of a 1i uid-tight joint may of wood, as illustrated inthe other form,

he further assisted by t e employment of a and the two corrugated layersof sheet v layer of solder, as shown at 99. The intesteel are securedtogether by soldering'them rior surfaces of these boiler tubes areprefat the bottoms ofthe ribs. To effect this reerably. plated with tin,or some similar sult, I will place strips of solder in the cormetal, toclose any pores that might be in rugations of the lower sheet 111, thenap ly the surface of the steel. The tubes are the upper sheet 112thereto, and then ho dslightly thickened at the ends, as shown at ingthe sheets together firmly withweights, 100, by soldering on a strip ofmetal or by I will apply sufiicient heat to the undersurelectro-deposition, the object of the thickenface to fuse the solder,and the weight forcing being to form a shoulder which shall 00- ing theuppersheet 112 down into the lower operate with the shoulder 91, asclearly sheet 11 will insure the two sheets being shown in the sectionalarts of Figs. 4- and soldered together with. the utmost strength. 5, toprevent the tubes' rom drawing out of In Figs. 10 and 11, I haveillustrated the headers. The tubes are preferably modifications of thestructure shown in coated with a heat retaining paint having Figs. 8 and9. In Fig. 10 the lower sheet some form of carbon as a basis. Above the113 has twice as many corrugations as the surface of the boiler tubes isa dead-air upper sheet 114, and the 1nter1or cross secspace 101, thedead-air space 101 being t1on of the tubes is varied as shown. In formedby securing a sheet 102 of some Fig. 11, the design of the lower sheet115 diathermanous material, such as glass, at a and the upper sheet 116is the same, but suitable distance above the tubes, and conthey areplaced together with their concave veniently by resting its edges ontheshoulsurfaces facing each other, and are soldered ders 103 formed on thesides of the trough together at their contacting flat surfaces and theshoulders 104 formed on the head- 117 1 ers, and by clamping the sheet102 down on In Fig. 12, I illustrate a modification of these shouldersby means of the overlapping the boiler first described and illustrated,in metallic strip 105, secured in position by which the two corrugatedsheets are emscrews, as shown in Fig. 5. ployed, but in which thesoldering is dis- Thedifi'erent sections of the boiler are aspensed withand the sheets are lapped, as sembled side by side and clamped togethershown at 127,120 secure them together. To by the tie rods 106, whichpass through the form these tubes, the corrugated sheets are troughsbeneath the tubes, and preferably first pressed into shape on theforming surthrough one flange of the anglesirons 107, face 128 .shown atthe right-hand of the 7 preferably placed at the sides of the boiler.figure. The foldsare then bent at right The glass sheets 102 may be longenough angles, as shown in the central portion of to extend entirelyacross the boiler, as said figure, this being effected by the use ofshown at the ri ht hand of Fig.- 2, or they rolls of any suitabledesign'for this purpose. may be made 0 a plurality of sheets madeFinally, the portions bent at .right angles to overlap, as shown in thecentral art of are folded completely on themselves by the saidfigure,ror they may be made 0 a pluuse of a rollerof special design,such as rality of sheets brought togetheron sashes. shown in section at129, and in a anner 108, as shown at the left-hand portion of that willbe readilyunderstood from an exsaid figure. By this construction, it,will 7 amination ofthe figure.

- be seen that I have produced a very simple, In Fi 13, I illustratestill another and yet substantially and cheaply constructmethod offorming the boiler sections, b ed boiler, which secures the largeheating using a pair of plates 130 and 131 havin surface with the smallinterior area which oppositely-disposed concave surfaces an is essentialfor this class of devices. the contacting fiat surfaces 132 which areReferring now to Figs. 8 to 13, I have secured together. by electricallywelding illustrated modifications of the boiler struc-- them, asindicated, by placing them between ture which has just been described.In Figs. the poles 133 and 134 8' and 9, I have shown a modification inIn the illustration of the entire mechawhich the headers do not have theweb 85, msm, I have not endeavored to illustrate and in which theadditional strength rethe supports, but have made the drawings quired byits absence is secured. by the use diagrammatic, as it were, in order tomore of the eccentric annular ribs 109, which, as clearly illustrate thegeneral system and .will be clearly seen, give an additionalrigidconnections employed.

ity and strength to the header sections and While I have shown anddescribed my inprevent any possibility of the vapor presvention' asembodied in the forms which I sure applied at the edges of the recessadat present consider best adapted to carry of modifications," mathatTI- do of the following necessitated by the state of the priorart;

. What I claim as new,-.and-'desine' to-secure by Letters Patent of 1. Aboiler. com

metal having inter 'ap ed corrugations, the

corrugations, of one s than those of the other eet being shallower forthe purpose set forth, means for retaining said sheets r1g-.

'idly in position, and headersat-theltop and bottom of said sheets forconnecting the boiler tubes formed thereby.

2. A boiler composed of two. sheets of metal having interlappedcorrugations, the corrugations than those of the'other for the purposeset forth, headers at the top and bottom of sand sheets for connectingthe boiler tubes formed thereby, and a layer of filling materialoccupving the 100 s of said corrugations to 110161 the sheets rigidly inplace. 3. A boiler section having the boller tubes formed by theintermeshed corrugated sheets, substantially as described, the headersconnecting the tops and bottoms of said tubes, and a layer ofheat-retaining materest.

.4. Avboiler section havin the boiler tubes formed bythe corrugatesheets substantially as described, the headers connecting tubes formedfrom intermeshed layers of corrugated said tubes being mounted in ashallow trough having a layer of non-conducting osed of twogsli'eiets'off of one sheet being shallower p rial, such as sawdust, uponwhich sa dtubes the tubes and metal, substantially as described, I

suchfasl sawdust, -therein,:upon which'zthe tubes-rest. V

4 .6. A, boiler section composed of boiler tubes formedfromiintermeshed' layers of corrugated metal, substantially asdescribed,

said tubes being mounted in a shallow trough having a layer ofnon-conducting material, such as sawdust, therein, surrounded by somemoisture-proof substance, such as tarred' paper, upon which the tubesrest. '55

7. A- boiler section composed of boiler tubes formed bya pair of lateshaving intel-meshed corrugations wi thickened portions at their ends,and the headers havin apertures in which said ends enter, said aperturesbeing rovided with shoulders with which the thickened ends coiiperate torevent their withdrawal; substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. Ajboiler section composed of metallic .tubes having an extendedsurface and built up of inter-meshed la ers of corrugated metal, and aninclosed cad-air space above said extended surface, covered by adiathermanous material such as glass.

9. A boiler section composed of metallic tubes having an extendedsurface and built up of intermeshed layers of corrugated. metal, aninclosed dead-air space above said extended surface, covered by adiathermanous material such as glass, and a layer of heat-retaininmaterial, such as sawdust, beneath said tu s. e

10. A boiler section composed of boiler tubes formed of two pieces :ofcorrugated sheet-metal fitted to ether so as to leave tubescrescent-shape in cross-section between the plates and soldered togetherbetween said crescent-shaped tubes.

In witness whereof, I have vhereunto set my hand this 16th day of July,1904.-- CHARLES E. BURNAP.

Witnesses: 1

JOHN H. MCELROY,

JomaM. BRISTOL.

